An overview of the health benefits of Prunus species with special reference to metabolic syndrome risk factors

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of pathologies and conditions such as obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension representing a serious health concern in many countries due to its high rate of mortality and morbidity. Insulin resistance is known to play a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome and several risk factors, including visceral obesity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, could trigger insulin resistance. Different strategies are currently in practice to manage metabolic syndrome. Along with dietary components, botanicals contain secondary metabolites, which may play a pivotal role in the maintenance of health by combating chronic disorders. Genus Prunus is classified under family Rosaceae and consists of 400–430 species. This genus contains some important species of fruits and ornamental plants. Prunus species contain important micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals and their consumption could maintain health by nourishing the body with essential and non-essential compounds. Besides nutritional components, they also contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, which make them potential alternative therapeutic agents for a number of chronic disorders including dysregulated metabolic conditions. The present review is designed to highlight the evidence-based effects of Prunus species against metabolic syndrome risk factors.