Factors regulating early-stage decomposition of needle litters in five different coniferous forests

The decomposition dynamics of needle litter of Stone pine (Pinus pinea), Corsican pine (Pinus laricio), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Silver fir (Abies alba) were investigated in a comparative study including five coniferous forest sites. Initial chemical composition, mass-loss rates, and the water-holding capacities of the litters were determined in the early stages of decomposition. Water-holding capacity differed among the fresh litters but increased in linear proportion to litter mass both over each species and over all species combined in a linear regression (r = 0.708; n = 45; P < 0.001). At the early decomposition stages the daily mass-loss rate of Scots pine needles in two dry sites was positively related to (1) the measured litter water content at sampling (r = 0.727; n = 16; P < 0.0025), (2) mean daily precipitation in the period of measurement (r =0.909; n = 16; P < 0.0001). These models could explain water as a rate-limiting factor to the extent of 49 and 81% respectively. A significant linear relationship was also found between decay rate during a moist period and accumulated mass loss (r = 0.771; n = 8; P < 0.05) which has been suggested to be due to the increase of litter water-holding capacity with increasing accumulated mass loss. Three types of decay curve are described and the pattern of decomposition at dry sites has been found to be influenced by moisture variations more than by litter quality. © 1993.