Modellazione 3D e ricerca archeologica Alcuni casi studio

THE 3D MODELLING AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH: SOME CASE STUDIES This article analyses the methodological evolution of 3D modelling in archaeology, which has transformed from a simple illustrative tool into an autonomous scientific document, as demonstrated by the experience of the interpretative ‘digital twin’. By adhering to rigorous philological restoration criteria (interpolation, virtual anastylosis, typological analogy) and open science protocols (metadata, HBIM, Extended Matrix) in 3D modelling, archaeological research is currently tackling contemporary challenges, including automation through Artificial Intelligence and technological accessibility. In addition to the analysis of the current situation, three case studies are presented relating to the 3D reconstruction of complex archaeological sites in the inner Campania (Southern Italy): the urban site with a stratigraphy ranging from the Roman to the modern era in the area of the Arco di Sacramento (Benevento); the geometric complexity and algorithmic modelling of the vaults of the Lombard church of Santa Sofia (Benevento), a UNESCO World Heritage site; and the ruined medieval fortified site of Gioia Sannitica (Caserta). The results demonstrate that human supervision remains essential for validating the virtual reconstruction process