Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in forensic pathology

INTRODUCTION: Forensic radiology has gained increasing relevance in recent years, proving to be a valuable adjunct in post-mortem investigations. While conventional autopsy remains the gold standard, imaging techniques offer complementary insights. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is commonly prioritized, whereas post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) is less frequently employed due to higher costs and longer acquisition times. This review aims to explore the current diagnostic applications of PMMRI and its potential role in forensic practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed on February 27, 2025, yielding 617 records. After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 studies were identified as eligible for analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The reviewed literature demonstrates that PMMRI provides high diagnostic value across diverse forensic domains. It has been applied in the investigation of causes of death, including traumatic, non-traumatic, and intoxication-related fatalities. Furthermore, PMMRI has shown potential in post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation and forensic age assessment. Compared with PMCT, it offers superior soft-tissue resolution and detailed visualization of organ and vascular pathology, though it remains limited by accessibility, costs, and technical demands. CONCLUSIONS: PMMRI represents a powerful tool in forensic pathology, capable of delivering refined diagnostic information that complements traditional autopsy. Despite its proven functionality, PMMRI should be regarded as an adjunctive method rather than a substitute for autopsy, with future advances likely to expand its role in forensic investigations.