Spontaneous bone regeneration of post-enucleation defects of osteolytic lesions in the mandible: A digital three-dimensional morphometric analysis

Background: Spontaneous bone regeneration after enucleation of osteolytic lesions in the mandible is crucial for healing bone defects. understanding when spontaneous bone regeneration suffices can help clinicians make informed decisions. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the extent of spontaneous bone regeneration in post-enucleation mandibular osteolytic lesion cavities using a 3D digital approach. Secondary objectives included identifying factors like age, lesion size, and anatomical site that could influence regeneration. Study design: The study included patients aged 18-65 years who underwent enucleation of an osteolytic mandibular lesion, with available pre-treatment and follow-up CBCT scans. Main outcomes: The primary outcome was the percentage of regenerated bone volume ( %RBV), calculated using 3D-volumetric analysis. Secondary outcomes included age, gender, lesion volume and site, number of extracted teeth, bone-wall involvement, and follow-up. Results: The study involved 20 patients, with a mean age of 40.1 ± 16.06 years. %RBV ranged from 32 % to 97 %, with a mean of 66.95 %. Significant predictors of regeneration included age, lesion site, and bone wall involvement. Conclusions: Spontaneous bone regeneration can often achieve significant healing even in large defects; understanding the factors influencing this process can guide treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes.