Eating across borders: a scoping review of eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction in migrant populations

Migration poses a myriad of challenges to migrants’ mental well-being, including eating disorders (EDs) and body image dissatisfaction (BID). This review aims to explore the prevalence and characteristics of EDs and BID among migrant populations. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases was conducted from inception to January 2023. Using search terms encompassing ED/BID and migrant populations, 11 studies were selected from an initial pool of 899 records. Epidemiological studies demonstrate varying prevalence rates of ED among migrant groups, presenting mixed data. In certain populations, the global prevalence of EDs was reported at 5.8%, with binge eating disorder specifically observed at a rate of 1.7%. Clinical cases reveal how the migratory route, culture and psychopathology intersect in ED presentations. Cultural practices and ethnic identity can influence ED development, often exacerbated by biases related to food and body image. Conversely, cultural heritage may serve as a mitigating factor. Studies on BID reveal a prevalent preference for thinner bodies among migrants in Western nations, likely influenced by exposure to Western cultural norms and ideals. The present findings underscore the complex phenomenology of ED and BID in migrant populations, influenced by a multitude of factors including migration-related stress and cultural constructs.