The acoustic importance of velaria in Roman amphitheaters: Investigations on the effects of different coverage percentages in Durres and Capua

Roman amphitheaters were studied from an architectural perspective, as the geometry of elliptical or oval construction was always under discussion. The Roman amphitheaters of Durres and Capua were analysed with particular attention to the effects of the velarium on the acoustic response of the spaces. The investigations were conducted for the original shapes of the amphitheaters with different coverage percentages of the awning: no shading; half shading along the major axis; half shading along the minor axis; fully open to shade the entire seating area. The four scenarios were selected based on the shadow projection that the Romans might have used in ancient times; therefore, an additional solar analysis was performed for a summer-seasoned day based on a solar path found for the cities of Durres and Capua. The simulated results show that the acoustic effect of velarium was more efficient with half awning cut along the minor axis, as seen from the spatial distribution maps. However, the radiation analysis supports the thesis that 100% displayed surface area of the awning was in place when the cavea was fully occupied. Further discussions have been addressed based on a solar-radiation analysis of the two sites. This research study represents a scientific support for the movie industry that would like to reproduce the environment as existing in ancient times.