Sleep quality and glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes during the seasonal daylight saving time shifts

Aim: There is a bidirectional relationship between glucose control and sleep quality and timing in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of the study was to investigate the sleep quality and the glucose metrics in people with T1D at the seasonal clock adjustment. Methods: This observational study retrospectively compared the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) derived metrics and sleep quality observed before (Time 0) and after (Time 1) transition in autumn and before (Time 2) and after (Time 3) transition in spring. We included adults with T1D, treated with CGM systems, who completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. The main outcome measure was the change in glucose monitoring indicator (GMI), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR) and time below range. Results: Sixty-two participants showed no changes in sleep quality at time transitions. GMI values increased during both time transitions and the percentage of TIR decreased from Time 0 to Time 1 and from Time 2 to Time 3. The percentage of level 2 TAR increased during the observation. Conclusions: At similar level of sleep quality, adults with T1D underwent the worsening of most of CGM-derived glucose control metrics during the transition time.