A 3D Model of a Photovoltaic Thermal Panel with the Heat Transfer Fluid Tube Embedded in a Layer of Phase Change Material and Metal Foam

Commercial photovoltaic modules typically convert only 5-25% of solar radiation into electricity, wasting excess energy as heat. To improve efficiency, integrating photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems is forward-thinking. These systems generate electricity while using absorbed heat for practical purposes, enhancing efficiency and providing thermal energy for heating. This study analyzes a PV/T module with phase change material (PCM) and metal foam (MF) throughout the typical day of two winter months and two summer months. It investigates how thermal storage affects energy production. Simulations assume heat transfer fluid flow during daylight hours, controlling flow when necessary. Simulations use a heat transfer fluid at 20℃, typical for PV/T systems, with paraffins wax RT25. Performance is simulated for January, June, July, and December in Aversa (IT), with a 30° panel inclination, using data from PVGIS. The study evaluates the reliability of the simulation model and accuracy in representing thermal behavior, using Fluent software. Anticipated outcomes include PV operational hours, electrical and thermal efficiency, and energy output. This research advances efficient PV/T systems, offering insights for future applications.