3D Printing Approach in Maxillofacial Surgery in Iran: An Evaluation Using the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) Framework

The integration of 3D printing technology in maxillofacial surgery in Iran represents a significant advancement in medical practice, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in surgical procedures. Employing the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework and the WHO Health Systems Framework, this study analyzes the complex impact and challenges of 3D printing adoption within the Iranian healthcare sector. Maxillofacial surgery has seen transformative progress with 3D printing's ability to produce accurate surgical models and customized implants. The results indicate a notable improvement in surgical precision and patient recovery times, alongside combatting identified barriers including technological access, cost, and skill acquisition. This conclusion underscores the critical need for targeted educational programs, policy support, and infrastructure development to overcome these obstacles. This paper highlights 3D printing's potential to revolutionize maxillofacial surgery in Iran, provided that comprehensive strategies are implemented to address the current limitations and fully leverage this innovative technology's benefits.