An original approach to anomalies in intertemporal choices through functional data analysis: Theory and application for the study of Hikikomori syndrome

The pattern of intertemporal preferences is related to critical behavioural aspects involving individuals' emotional and cognitive spheres. The characteristics of the discount function can provide a quantitative interpretation of pathological conditions, such as addiction, depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In the literature on intertemporal preferences, researchers commonly refer to parametric models, which are often characterized by structural limitations, mainly when behavioral anomalies manifest in the dynamics of choices. This paper proposes using Functional Data Analysis (FDA) as an innovative tool to analyze discount functions' characteristics and interpret intertemporal choices' anomalies, overcoming the limits of a completely parametric approach. To show the potential of FDA in studying intertemporal decisions, this research proposes a novel methodology for dealing with discount functions and a possible application to the so-called Hikomori condition. The latter is a social phenomenon that has recently raised concerns and claimed the need for in-depth studies. Although the application focuses on the functional analysis of variance to capture possible differences between groups of curves, the true originality of the paper lies in the methodology for treating discount functions in the context of intertemporal choices. The paper's ultimate goal is to provide a powerful tool for studying and interpreting intertemporal choices' anomalies.