Metabolic Profiling in Tuberous Roots of Ranunculus asiaticus L. as Influenced by Vernalization Procedure

Ranunculus asiaticus L. is an ornamental geophyte. In commercial practice, it is mainly propagated by rehydrated tuberous roots. Vernalization before planting is a common practice to overcome the natural dormancy of tuberous roots; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the plant's response to low temperatures. We investigated the influence of three preparation procedures of tuberous roots, only rehydration (control, C), and rehydration plus vernalization at 3.5 C-degrees for 2 weeks (V2) and for 4 weeks (V4), on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, flowering, and metabolism in plants of two hybrids, MBO (early flowering, pale orange flower) and MDR (medium earliness, bright orange flower), grown in pots in an unheated greenhouse. We reported the responses observed in the aerial part in a previous article in this journal. In this paper, we show changes in the underground organs in carbohydrate, amino acids, polyphenols, and protein levels throughout the growing cycle in the different plant stages: pre-planting, vegetative growth, and flowering. The metabolic profile revealed that the two hybrids had different responses to the root preparation procedure. In particular, MBO synthesized GABA and alanine after 2 weeks and sucrose after 4 weeks of vernalization. In contrast, MDR was more sensitive to vernalization; in fact, a higher synthesis of polyphenols was observed. However, both hybrids synthesized metabolites that could withstand exposure to low temperatures.