Qualitative/Quantitative Analysis of Alcohol and Licit/Illicit Drugs on Post-Mortem Biological Samples from Road Traffic Deaths

Alcohol and drug abuse is a major contributory factor of all road deaths in Europe. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and licit/illicit drug intake among victims of road accidents in Campania region (Italy). A retrospective analysis of road traffic deaths from 2013 to 2022 in Campania was performed. The toxicological results from fluid samples collected at autopsy were reviewed. In total, 228 road deaths occurred, mostly during nights and weekends. A total of 106 victims tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs, among which 39 (36.8%) tested positive for alcohol only, 27 (25.5%) for alcohol and drugs in association; and 40 (37.7%) for licit/illicit drugs only, either individually or in combination. Polydrug intake has been found in 21 victims, and nine in combination with alcohol. The most detected drugs were cocaine and D9THC, followed by benzodiazepines. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) > 1.5 g/L was found in most alcohol positives, both alone and in association with drugs. Despite the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and drugs (DUID), no decrease in the number of alcohol and/or drugs related fatal road accidents has been observed. DUI and/or DUID cases were approximately one third of the entire sample study.