Theragnostics: See what you treat and treat what you see

Theragnostics is not a new conception, even if nowadays it is gaining more and more importance in clinical practice and interest among researchers, thanks to their great results obtained in oncologic (especially in neuroendocrine tumors) and non-oncologic fields, too. A theragnostic approach is synthesizable in “see what you treat and treat what you see”, in other words a strategy that has the goal to be in between diagnostics and therapy. Theragnostics is founded on functional and biological characteristics of diseases, on which is based radiopharmaceuticals’ development, there is to say very specific drugs able to bind a precise target and labeled to a particular radionuclide, that is specifically chosen depending on its diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. In this paper, the Authors will focus the attention on several current and promising future application of theragnostics in several clinical scenarios, starting from neuroendocrine tumors (one of the most active sectors in this field), differentiated thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, castration-resistant prostatic cancer, liver neoplastic lesions (metastases and/or hepatocellular carcinoma) through SIRT/TARE locoregional techniques.