In response to the Covid-19 epidemic, the government and local authorities have adopted measures which restrict religious freedom. The Italian authorities have imposed urgent and binding ordinances suspending all religious ceremonies, and have limited access to places of worship. These measures are justified by an emergency decree aimed at the protection of public health. Is such banning of religious practice entirely legitimate? The Italian Constitution stipulates that religious freedom can only be limited in certain manifestations and under specific conditions. Precise time constraints must be adhered to, and restrictions must be balanced against other constitutional rights including, of course, the right to health. The adopted measures taken by the government are applicable to religious denominations that have cooperated with the State. These denominations, in fact, have anticipated the needs of the State towards the protection of public health by closing places of worship and encouraging the faithful to practice autonomously. This state of emergency has ultimately strengthened the cooperation and understanding between State and denominations in important ways. The extraordinary health emergency that our country is experiencing, however, must lead the jurist to ask some fundamental questions. Will it happen again? Could there be other future events which will call for the limitation of individual and collective religious freedom? Might the State and religious denominations collaborate together in advance of such events in accordance with the principles of bi-laterality? These questions must be answered promptly in order to safeguard the right to religious freedom and the autonomy of religious denominations from possible regulatory circumvention.
Il Governo e le autonomie locali, per fronteggiare l’epidemia da Covid-19, hanno adottato provvedimenti restrittivi della libertà religiosa. Le ordinanze contingibili e urgenti e i D.L. hanno infatti disposto la sospensione dei riti e manifestazioni di culto e la limitazione all’accesso dei luoghi sacri, giustificati da una ragione di urgenza-emergenza per la tutela della salute pubblica. Tali provvedimenti che interdicono la fede sono del tutto legittimi? La libertà religiosa non è un diritto limitabile, ma è comprimibile in alcune sue manifestazioni nel rispetto delle regole dell’ordinamento costituzionale. Ciò è possibile con precisi vincoli temporali e sulla base di provvedimenti proporzionati e basati su reali esigenze di necessità ed urgenza a tutela di altrettanti valori costituzionalmente protetti come appunto la salute. Le misure adottate sono però avvertite come necessarie anche dalle confessioni che hanno collaborato con lo Stato. Le confessioni religiose non hanno contrastato i provvedimenti limitativi dei propri spazi di libertà e dell’esercizio del culto dei propri fedeli, ma hanno disposto autonomamente la chiusura di spazi ed edifici, invitando i fedeli a tenere atti di culto individuali. Ne discende una preziosa cooperazione tra Stato e religioni per contrastare l’emergenza sanitaria e tutelare la salute pubblica. La straordinaria emergenza sanitaria che sta vivendo il nostro paese deve però indurre il giurista a porsi alcune domande fondamentali. Potrà accadere di nuovo? Ci potranno essere altri eventi per i quali sarà necessario comprimere la libertà religiosa individuale e collettiva? È possibile ipotizzare che ciò avvenga con modalità concordate preventivamente con le stesse confessioni religiose, in ossequio al principio di bilateralità pattizia? A tali domande è necessario fornire prontamente delle risposte per salvaguardare il diritto di libertà religiosa e l’autonomia delle confessioni religiose da possibili prevaricazioni normative.
Fede interdetta? L'esercizio della libertà religiosa collettiva durante l'emergenza COVID-19: attualità e prospettive
fuccillo;abu salem;decimo
2020
Abstract
In response to the Covid-19 epidemic, the government and local authorities have adopted measures which restrict religious freedom. The Italian authorities have imposed urgent and binding ordinances suspending all religious ceremonies, and have limited access to places of worship. These measures are justified by an emergency decree aimed at the protection of public health. Is such banning of religious practice entirely legitimate? The Italian Constitution stipulates that religious freedom can only be limited in certain manifestations and under specific conditions. Precise time constraints must be adhered to, and restrictions must be balanced against other constitutional rights including, of course, the right to health. The adopted measures taken by the government are applicable to religious denominations that have cooperated with the State. These denominations, in fact, have anticipated the needs of the State towards the protection of public health by closing places of worship and encouraging the faithful to practice autonomously. This state of emergency has ultimately strengthened the cooperation and understanding between State and denominations in important ways. The extraordinary health emergency that our country is experiencing, however, must lead the jurist to ask some fundamental questions. Will it happen again? Could there be other future events which will call for the limitation of individual and collective religious freedom? Might the State and religious denominations collaborate together in advance of such events in accordance with the principles of bi-laterality? These questions must be answered promptly in order to safeguard the right to religious freedom and the autonomy of religious denominations from possible regulatory circumvention.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.