The opportunity to survey the Solimene ceramic factory (1950-55, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy) was also an opportunity to compare the evolution of what is now known as the BIM method [Historic England 2017]. With the acronym HBIM (Heritage Buiding Information Modelling) it is suggested to extend this method also to historical architectures [Dore et al. 2018], making it necessary, however, to find a connection between the uniqueness of the subject of study and the regularity of a systematic approach to control. In order to evaluate the process of investigation to be followed, the experimentation carried out on the Solimene factory started from the state of the art, firstly from the knowledge of the material and immaterial characteristics of the work. Inside the Solimene factory (fig. 1), designed by Paolo Soleri (Turin 1919 - Cosanti 2013), the production is organized in a consecutive and cyclical way level by level. On each floor, the space for the craftsmen is obtained in the concavities jutting out from the façade. Thus, the silhouette of the main front draws 11 towering volumes similar to large vases. The characteristic cladding of natural and green terracotta comes from the bottoms of small vases stacked horizontally and embedded in the infill wall, creating a perfect harmony between form, structure and function. The geometric configuration of the 11 "vases" on the street was the main object of this research. Those at both extremities are apparently two cylinders, while the other nine resemble to frustums, an impression supported also by the drawings by Soleri himself (fig. 2). What, then, is the true form of these elements? What are the differences between the survey and the project drawings? The answer to the first question is derived from the mathematical verification carried out with the data acquired by the total station Trimble S6 Vision [Rossi & Palmieri, 2018]. The CAD analysis of the coordinates measured at three different heights from the reference plane (on the basement), has guided the interpretation of the geometric model. The procedure conducted by interpolating the numerical data has allowed to derive the function of the intersection between the vertical plane (of the glass walls) and the single large "vase". To go into the details of the irregularities of the profiles, on the other hand, it was necessary to integrate the acquired data with a 3D laser scanner survey and dataset of high-resolution photographs. The resulting point cloud (fig. 3) was interpreted in a vector environment [Arayici, 2009] where specific programs allowed the calculation of the difference between the numerical and geometric models. The histograms in figure 4a and 4b show the values obtained from the average of the measurements derived from the comparison between the surface surveyed and the ideal one, performed both in the three-dimensional and in the two-dimensional field to obtain the Formal Deviation Mapping. Among the hypotheses formulated (frustum or cylinder), the reliability of a cylindrical configuration is confirmed by the coincidence of the large number of image points (99,52087 % and 99,95087 %): the cylinder with an axis inclined by 7° reveals the reason for the apparent tromp d'oeil [Rossi & Palmieri, 2019] (fig. 5a and 5b). The necessity to organize an interoperable workflow, based on a certified survey, arose from the questions that emerged in the analytical phase, believing that only an interdisciplinary procedure could somehow frame them correctly. For historical buildings there are no BIM libraries, therefore, the components cannot be directly assembled and distinguished by entering instance parameters. Therefore, as a preliminary step, it was necessary to create a unique and particular database for the case in question. The application has led to concentrate the analysis to extract symbolic components appropriate to the detail of the graphic choices, then the correct simplification of the descriptive models by identifying "families" of components such as: structural pillars, structural floors, glass walls, infill walls. The modelling phases have been aligned with the construction logic, starting from the definition of horizontal and vertical geometric references. The surface of the inclined cylinders was used to model the intrados of the detailed walls progressively thanks to the system that can be implemented and dynamically modified (fig. 6). Establishing the level of geometric accuracy of the model (LOG) is a requirement of fundamental importance to characterize the reliability of information aspects (LOI) that guarantee and validate the quality of the final product by reference to established standards to make the LOD required by the BIM-oriented project reliable. For example, the organic form of the internal pillars has been deconstructed into elementary solids. The sequence in figure 7 shows how, by increasing the graphic detail, not only geometric information is increased: the formal structure progressively becomes a real construction element with the addition of reinforcements (fig. 8) and other technical details (fig. 9). Finally, the virtualizations have been extended to the entire spatiality of the structure (fig. 10). The data collection with phase-shift terrestrial laser scanner has allowed to place at the beginning of the work chain a real tool for the understanding, control and communication of the architectural asset examined. In the same virtual workspace, the parametric modelling allowed to populate the database with a specific language, suitable for the creation of typical and original components. The case study provided an opportunity to test the strengths and weaknesses of the organized working method for: - share the data of the survey to integrate a plurality of looks to support the analytical investigation: the 3D model becomes an exhaustive descriptor of the underlying articulated database, going beyond the character of a mere tool of interpretation; - to subject the conformative hypotheses to inductive verification with the necessary attention to the constructive ones; - use the information system and inter-operational models to allow inter and trans-disciplinary contributions to present the results in an impartial, logical and critical manner; - to organize a process that converges towards the project idea, guaranteeing to future memory the detailed and truthful documentation of the actual state of affairs; - questioning the reasons for conflicts in the course of work.
Processi conoscitivi a supporto di metodologie BIM /KNOWLEDGE PROCESS FOR THE BIM METHODOLOGIES
ROSSI Adriana;
2019
Abstract
The opportunity to survey the Solimene ceramic factory (1950-55, Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy) was also an opportunity to compare the evolution of what is now known as the BIM method [Historic England 2017]. With the acronym HBIM (Heritage Buiding Information Modelling) it is suggested to extend this method also to historical architectures [Dore et al. 2018], making it necessary, however, to find a connection between the uniqueness of the subject of study and the regularity of a systematic approach to control. In order to evaluate the process of investigation to be followed, the experimentation carried out on the Solimene factory started from the state of the art, firstly from the knowledge of the material and immaterial characteristics of the work. Inside the Solimene factory (fig. 1), designed by Paolo Soleri (Turin 1919 - Cosanti 2013), the production is organized in a consecutive and cyclical way level by level. On each floor, the space for the craftsmen is obtained in the concavities jutting out from the façade. Thus, the silhouette of the main front draws 11 towering volumes similar to large vases. The characteristic cladding of natural and green terracotta comes from the bottoms of small vases stacked horizontally and embedded in the infill wall, creating a perfect harmony between form, structure and function. The geometric configuration of the 11 "vases" on the street was the main object of this research. Those at both extremities are apparently two cylinders, while the other nine resemble to frustums, an impression supported also by the drawings by Soleri himself (fig. 2). What, then, is the true form of these elements? What are the differences between the survey and the project drawings? The answer to the first question is derived from the mathematical verification carried out with the data acquired by the total station Trimble S6 Vision [Rossi & Palmieri, 2018]. The CAD analysis of the coordinates measured at three different heights from the reference plane (on the basement), has guided the interpretation of the geometric model. The procedure conducted by interpolating the numerical data has allowed to derive the function of the intersection between the vertical plane (of the glass walls) and the single large "vase". To go into the details of the irregularities of the profiles, on the other hand, it was necessary to integrate the acquired data with a 3D laser scanner survey and dataset of high-resolution photographs. The resulting point cloud (fig. 3) was interpreted in a vector environment [Arayici, 2009] where specific programs allowed the calculation of the difference between the numerical and geometric models. The histograms in figure 4a and 4b show the values obtained from the average of the measurements derived from the comparison between the surface surveyed and the ideal one, performed both in the three-dimensional and in the two-dimensional field to obtain the Formal Deviation Mapping. Among the hypotheses formulated (frustum or cylinder), the reliability of a cylindrical configuration is confirmed by the coincidence of the large number of image points (99,52087 % and 99,95087 %): the cylinder with an axis inclined by 7° reveals the reason for the apparent tromp d'oeil [Rossi & Palmieri, 2019] (fig. 5a and 5b). The necessity to organize an interoperable workflow, based on a certified survey, arose from the questions that emerged in the analytical phase, believing that only an interdisciplinary procedure could somehow frame them correctly. For historical buildings there are no BIM libraries, therefore, the components cannot be directly assembled and distinguished by entering instance parameters. Therefore, as a preliminary step, it was necessary to create a unique and particular database for the case in question. The application has led to concentrate the analysis to extract symbolic components appropriate to the detail of the graphic choices, then the correct simplification of the descriptive models by identifying "families" of components such as: structural pillars, structural floors, glass walls, infill walls. The modelling phases have been aligned with the construction logic, starting from the definition of horizontal and vertical geometric references. The surface of the inclined cylinders was used to model the intrados of the detailed walls progressively thanks to the system that can be implemented and dynamically modified (fig. 6). Establishing the level of geometric accuracy of the model (LOG) is a requirement of fundamental importance to characterize the reliability of information aspects (LOI) that guarantee and validate the quality of the final product by reference to established standards to make the LOD required by the BIM-oriented project reliable. For example, the organic form of the internal pillars has been deconstructed into elementary solids. The sequence in figure 7 shows how, by increasing the graphic detail, not only geometric information is increased: the formal structure progressively becomes a real construction element with the addition of reinforcements (fig. 8) and other technical details (fig. 9). Finally, the virtualizations have been extended to the entire spatiality of the structure (fig. 10). The data collection with phase-shift terrestrial laser scanner has allowed to place at the beginning of the work chain a real tool for the understanding, control and communication of the architectural asset examined. In the same virtual workspace, the parametric modelling allowed to populate the database with a specific language, suitable for the creation of typical and original components. The case study provided an opportunity to test the strengths and weaknesses of the organized working method for: - share the data of the survey to integrate a plurality of looks to support the analytical investigation: the 3D model becomes an exhaustive descriptor of the underlying articulated database, going beyond the character of a mere tool of interpretation; - to subject the conformative hypotheses to inductive verification with the necessary attention to the constructive ones; - use the information system and inter-operational models to allow inter and trans-disciplinary contributions to present the results in an impartial, logical and critical manner; - to organize a process that converges towards the project idea, guaranteeing to future memory the detailed and truthful documentation of the actual state of affairs; - questioning the reasons for conflicts in the course of work.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
