Geographical pattern of chronic liver diseases in Italy: Results from two pooled national surveys

Background: The information on the geographical characteristics of chronic liver diseases (CLD) in Italy is out-dated. Aim: To provide up-dated information on the geographical pattern of patients with CLD born in Italy. Methods: Patients with CLD were enrolled in two national surveys performed in 2001 and 2014, which prospectively recruited subjects aged ≥18 years referring to Italian liver units located throughout the country that apply a similar clinical approach and analytical methods. Results: The total number of patients enrolled was 11,676. Alcohol-related CLD was more frequently observed in northern/central areas (25.0% vs. 20.7%, p < .001), while HBV-related (15.4% vs. 13.3%, p = .02) and HCV-related (71.2% vs. 67.1%, p < .001) CLD prevailed in southern areas/main islands (Sicily and Sardinia). These differences were stable over time. Liver cirrhosis without HCC was diagnosed more frequently in southern area/islands than in northern/central areas (23.7% vs. 18.8%, p < .01). Moreover, an increased proportion over time of patients with cirrhosis without HCC was observed both in northern/central areas (17.3% vs. 27.4%, p < .01) and in southern area/islands (22.6% vs. 27.9%, p < .01). Conclusions: These up-dated findings show different geographical patterns of CLD in Italy, reflecting different behavioural habits and socio-economic conditions across the country. They may be useful to apply more adequate preventive measures and to allocate economic resources.