PPARγ and ADRB3 polymorphisms analysis and Irisin expression in professional water polo players

Background: Response to exercise is regulated by environmental factors and genetic predisposition. PPARγ and ADRB3 genes are associated with body composition. Adipose and muscle tissues secrete adipokines and myokines involved in energy expenditure; among the others, adiponectin and Irisin were associated with benefits of physical activity. Aims: Here we investigate two common variants in PPARγ and ADRB3 genes (Pro12Ala, Trp64Arg, respectively) and the expression of Irisin in 22 professional water polo (WP) players versus 40 controls. Methods: Anthropometric and hormonal parameters were assessed; Pro12Ala and Trp64Arg SNPs were analyzed by direct-sequencing; adiponectin and Irisin expression was evaluated through western blotting. Results: Irisin levels were similar between WP athletes and controls. The Pro12Ala polymorphism was present in two WP players and two controls while the Trp64Arg polymorphism only in one WP player; both polymorphisms were not related to biochemical parameters, as well as to Irisin and adiponectin expression. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the influence of two PPARγ and ADRB3 common polymorphisms on Adiponectin and Irisin expression in WP athletes is limited, if it exists at all. Further studies are needed to clarify if the positive effects mediated by physical training may pass through the regulation of Irisin, adiponectin and genetic background.