Starting from a reflection on the current meaning of sustainable development, this article analyses Bhutan’s experience as an alternative model to traditional development paradigms, which are mainly based on Gross Domestic Product. Through the concept of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan proposes a holistic approach that integrates economic, social, environmental and spiritual dimensions, placing the protection of ecosystems and collective well-being at the centre of public policy. The article examines this system in the context of the debate on sustainable development and multidimensional indicators of progress, questioning its transferability to other legal systems and the contribution it offers to the redefinition of contemporary constitutionalism.
Social Indicators and Sustainable Development in the Kingdom of Bhutan: the Gross National Happiness Model
Emilia Morra
2026
Abstract
Starting from a reflection on the current meaning of sustainable development, this article analyses Bhutan’s experience as an alternative model to traditional development paradigms, which are mainly based on Gross Domestic Product. Through the concept of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan proposes a holistic approach that integrates economic, social, environmental and spiritual dimensions, placing the protection of ecosystems and collective well-being at the centre of public policy. The article examines this system in the context of the debate on sustainable development and multidimensional indicators of progress, questioning its transferability to other legal systems and the contribution it offers to the redefinition of contemporary constitutionalism.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
