Prognostic Impact of Bleeding in Interventional Cardiology

Bleeding is a common and serious complication in interventional cardiology. A significant proportion of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are at high bleeding risk, including procedure-related and spontaneous bleeding, and require careful evaluation and management during and after the procedure. Recent studies suggest that the occurrence of bleeding is prognostically relevant and has a significant impact on short-term outcomes and long-term mortality. Bleeding risk stratification using standardized definitions and tools is relevant to guide decision-making and optimize the balance between ischemic and bleeding risk. Routine implementation of bleeding avoidance strategies is essential to minimize bleeding and improve patient management and outcomes after PCI or TAVI.