Statistical Analysis of the Italian pension system: a nonparametric approach

The complexity of the Italian pension system has long been the subject of de­bate and study. Over the years, the pension system has undergone significant changes and has been influenced by legislative, economie, and demographic factors. This complexity also stems from territorial differences among the various areas, with northern areas characterized by greater financial resilience and contributory capacity, and Southern areas marked by a greater need for welfare policies and a reduced ability to offer employment opportunities. Consequently, the South generates lower contribution revenues necessary for the pension system's functioning than other areas of Italy. This work aims to understand the dynamics that lead to these anomalies through a nonparametric statistica! perspective, analyzing vari­ables of diverse nature ( demographic, macroeconomie, and social security). Using statistica! indicators and nonparametric techniques, the study explores how demographic dynamics, pension policies, and macroeconomie trends vary over time and between different areas. The results highlight critical issues related to the disparities observed within the macro area (North, Center, and South).