Chinese corporate law is constantly evolving, with legislative innovations induced by a globalization of the constantly expanding economic, commercial and financial markets. An excursus on the process of restructuring the corporate regulatory apparatus initiated in China from the end of the 1970s until the first national company law entered into force on 1 July 1994, then amended and supplemented by further legislative intervention, was then interesting. There is a decisive shift in the country towards the adoption of principles that are more respectful of fundamental human rights, including those relating to free economic initiative in the context of a wider process of democratisation and modernisation. The focus is in particular on the forms of association between local and foreign companies, consisting of the various types of joint ventures that the Chinese legislator has progressively regulated along the lines of western models, most recently with the new entry into force in 2014. China has thus taken up the challenge of the global economy, recognizing that individual and private economic activities and other non-public economic activities must also be considered as important constitutive aspects of its market economy. The examination of the reforms of Chinese company law and the comparison with other systems also raises reservations about the completion of a path towards full liberalisation of the system, still held back by the legacy of strict "socialist legality" and the role of the "Party" with its absorbent leadership, supervision and control functions. These reservations provide the basis for further reflection, in the sense that, although in the difficult balance between the ideological vision of state planning and the principles of economic liberalism, the work of restructuring and modernising the institutional legal apparatus and company and commercial law has enabled China to become the top of the world economic powers.
Il diritto societario cinese è in continua evoluzione, con innovazioni legislative indotte da una globalizzazione dei mercati economici, commerciali e finanziari in costante espansione. È apparso allora interessante un excursus sul processo di ristrutturazione dell’apparato normativo societario avviato in Cina sin dalla fine degli anni ’70, sino alla prima legge societaria nazionale entrata in vigore il 1° luglio 1994, poi modificata e integrata da ulteriori interventi legislativi. Si registra una decisa svolta del Paese verso l’adozione di principi maggiormente rispettosi dei diritti umani fondamentali, ivi compresi quelli relativi alla libera iniziativa economica nel contesto di un più ampio processo di democratizzazione e di modernizzazione. L’attenzione è in particolare soffermata sulle forme associative tra imprese locali e imprese estere, costituite dalle varie tipologie di joint ventures che il legislatore cinese ha progressivamente disciplinato sulla falsariga dei modelli dei Paesi occidentali, da ultimo con la novella entrata in vigore nel 2014. Si constata così che la Cina ha raccolto la sfida dell’economia globale, riconoscendo che anche le attività economiche individuali e private ed altre attività economiche non pubbliche vanno considerate come importanti aspetti costitutivi della propria economia di mercato. La disamina delle riforme del diritto societario cinese e ed il confronto con altri sistemi suscita peraltro riserve sul completamento di un percorso verso una piena liberalizzazione del sistema, ancora frenato dal retaggio di una rigorosa “legalità socialista” e dal ruolo del “Partito” con le sue assorbenti funzioni di guida, supervisione e controllo. Tali riserve offrono lo spunto per un ulteriore motivo di riflessione, nel senso che, sia pur nel difficile equilibrio tra la visione ideologica della pianificazione di Stato ed i principi del liberismo economico, l’opera di ristrutturazione e di modernizzazione dell’apparato giuridico istituzionale e del diritto societario e commerciale ha consentito alla Cina di assurgere ai vertici delle potenze economiche mondiali.
L’EVOLUZIONE DEL DIRITTO SOCIETARIO CINESE: UN (DIFFICILE) PERCORSO VERSO I MODELLI OCCIDENTALI
Andrea Russo
2018
Abstract
Chinese corporate law is constantly evolving, with legislative innovations induced by a globalization of the constantly expanding economic, commercial and financial markets. An excursus on the process of restructuring the corporate regulatory apparatus initiated in China from the end of the 1970s until the first national company law entered into force on 1 July 1994, then amended and supplemented by further legislative intervention, was then interesting. There is a decisive shift in the country towards the adoption of principles that are more respectful of fundamental human rights, including those relating to free economic initiative in the context of a wider process of democratisation and modernisation. The focus is in particular on the forms of association between local and foreign companies, consisting of the various types of joint ventures that the Chinese legislator has progressively regulated along the lines of western models, most recently with the new entry into force in 2014. China has thus taken up the challenge of the global economy, recognizing that individual and private economic activities and other non-public economic activities must also be considered as important constitutive aspects of its market economy. The examination of the reforms of Chinese company law and the comparison with other systems also raises reservations about the completion of a path towards full liberalisation of the system, still held back by the legacy of strict "socialist legality" and the role of the "Party" with its absorbent leadership, supervision and control functions. These reservations provide the basis for further reflection, in the sense that, although in the difficult balance between the ideological vision of state planning and the principles of economic liberalism, the work of restructuring and modernising the institutional legal apparatus and company and commercial law has enabled China to become the top of the world economic powers.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.