La Germania rappresenta il prototipo di una moderna democrazia industriale nella quale la regolamentazione dei rapporti di lavoro, fondata sul descritto sistema duale – contrattazione collettiva “all’esterno” e cogestione “all’interno” – è sottratta al potere unilaterale dell’imprenditore e si snoda nell’alveo di prassi partecipative utili all’impresa stessa ed ai lavoratori. L’esperienza tedesca dimostra che le posizioni ultrasindacali e della lotta sindacale “antagonista” sono ormai inadeguate e recessive rispetto a rapporti democratici all’interno dell’azienda che meglio si prestano a difendere l’occupazione ed a modificare in senso positivo l’economia. Il modello di condivisione, grazie al quale i lavoratori e i loro rappresentanti sindacali, esercitando una forma di controllo e di “contropotere” verso gli imprenditori, collaborano allo sviluppo dell’impresa, ha prodotto risultati eccellenti sotto il profilo economico e sociale, sol quando si consideri che la Germania è uno dei Paesi con il minor tasso di disoccupazione, con i più alti salari e con la più efficiente protezione sociale. Questi risultati dovrebbero stimolare i Paesi Europei, dove il percorso della consultazione e dell’informazione non si è evoluto sino a raggiungere il livello più alto della partecipazione vera e propria, ad una approfondita comparazione tra i diversi modelli di governance aziendale, liberandosi da una visione limita al conseguimento del profitto a breve termine. In realtà i lavoratori sono direttamente interessati al successo costante e prolungato dell’azienda da cui dipendono per una serie di motivi che vanno dalla conservazione dei posti di lavoro all’incremento dei salari. Le aziende a loro volta non considerano i lavoratori come semplici destinatari ed esecutori di comandi e direttive, bensì come soggetti vigili e partecipi delle decisioni aziendali. A tal fine le stesse aziende investono per un’adeguata formazione e per la crescita professionale dei lavoratori che in tal modo possono acquisire utili esperienze e inserirsi con competenza nei processi decisionali. Entrambe le parti si muovono in definitiva in una prospettiva “sostenibile” in nome di una economia innovativa “sostenibile”, anche con uno sguardo rivolto al futuro.

Germany is the prototype of a modern industrial democracy in which the regulation of labour relations, based on the described dual system – collective bargaining "externally" and co-management "internally" – is taken away from the unilateral power of the entrepreneur and winds through the work of participatory practices useful to the company itself and to the workers. The German experience shows that the ultra-union positions and the "antagonistic" trade union struggle are now inadequate and recessionary in relation to democratic relations within the company which are best suited to defending employment and changing the economy in a positive way. The sharing model, where thanks to which workers and their trade union representatives, exercising a form of control and "counterpower" towards entrepreneurs, collaborate in the development of the enterprise, has produced excellent results from an economic and social point of view, only when we consider that Germany is one of the countries with the lowest unemployment rate, the highest wages and the most efficient social protection. These results should stimulate European countries, where the path of consultation and information has not evolved to the highest level of participation proper, to an in-depth comparison between the different models of corporate governance, freeing itself from a vision limited to the achievement of short-term profit. In fact, workers are directly interested in the constant and sustained success of the company on which they depend for a number of reasons ranging from job preservation to wage increases. Companies, in turn, do not regard workers as mere recipients and executors of controls and directives, but as vigilant and participating actors in company decisions. To this end, the companies themselves invest in adequate training and professional growth of workers, who can thus gain useful experience and become competently in the decision-making process. Both sides ultimately move in a "sustainable" perspective in the name of a "sustainable" innovative economy, even with a look to the future.

La partecipazione dei lavoratori alle imprese. L'esperienza tedesca.

Andrea Russo
2017

Abstract

Germany is the prototype of a modern industrial democracy in which the regulation of labour relations, based on the described dual system – collective bargaining "externally" and co-management "internally" – is taken away from the unilateral power of the entrepreneur and winds through the work of participatory practices useful to the company itself and to the workers. The German experience shows that the ultra-union positions and the "antagonistic" trade union struggle are now inadequate and recessionary in relation to democratic relations within the company which are best suited to defending employment and changing the economy in a positive way. The sharing model, where thanks to which workers and their trade union representatives, exercising a form of control and "counterpower" towards entrepreneurs, collaborate in the development of the enterprise, has produced excellent results from an economic and social point of view, only when we consider that Germany is one of the countries with the lowest unemployment rate, the highest wages and the most efficient social protection. These results should stimulate European countries, where the path of consultation and information has not evolved to the highest level of participation proper, to an in-depth comparison between the different models of corporate governance, freeing itself from a vision limited to the achievement of short-term profit. In fact, workers are directly interested in the constant and sustained success of the company on which they depend for a number of reasons ranging from job preservation to wage increases. Companies, in turn, do not regard workers as mere recipients and executors of controls and directives, but as vigilant and participating actors in company decisions. To this end, the companies themselves invest in adequate training and professional growth of workers, who can thus gain useful experience and become competently in the decision-making process. Both sides ultimately move in a "sustainable" perspective in the name of a "sustainable" innovative economy, even with a look to the future.
2017
Russo, Andrea
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11591/384736
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