Discussion about the environmental consequences of the presence of pharmaceuticals has taken place in the general absence of a systematic analysis of the potential risk. The lack of such an analysis means that, to date, decisions concerning environmental risk assessment criteria and/or regulatory thresholds have been somewhat arbitrary or based upon inappropriate groups of industrial chemicals. This chapter attempts to address this deficiency and collates examples of data relating to the ecotoxicity of existing pharmaceutical transformation photoproducts (TPs). The intention is to provide a perspective that will prove useful during the further development of assessment criteria. The database may also prove useful in the context of risk assessment of individual substances. There are mainly two different and independent approaches to assessing the risk associated with transformation product formation. We analyze these two approaches for transformation products coming from irradiation of pharmaceuticals under environment-like conditions.
Toxicity and Risk of Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants for Aquatic Organisms: Pharmaceutical Case Studies
ISIDORI, Marina;
2014
Abstract
Discussion about the environmental consequences of the presence of pharmaceuticals has taken place in the general absence of a systematic analysis of the potential risk. The lack of such an analysis means that, to date, decisions concerning environmental risk assessment criteria and/or regulatory thresholds have been somewhat arbitrary or based upon inappropriate groups of industrial chemicals. This chapter attempts to address this deficiency and collates examples of data relating to the ecotoxicity of existing pharmaceutical transformation photoproducts (TPs). The intention is to provide a perspective that will prove useful during the further development of assessment criteria. The database may also prove useful in the context of risk assessment of individual substances. There are mainly two different and independent approaches to assessing the risk associated with transformation product formation. We analyze these two approaches for transformation products coming from irradiation of pharmaceuticals under environment-like conditions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.