About the SCORPiò-NIDI PROJECT

This paper presents a summary of the activities carried out in relation to the shared ob jectives of the SCORPiò-NIDI project, an interdisciplinary research initiative aimed at investigating ballistic traces preserved along the northern fortification of Pompeii, pro duced by Roman siege engines during the siege of 89 BC. The study integrates digital surveying, computational modeling, experimental archaeology, and visualization tech niques to document, analyze, and interpret specific types of anthropic damage caused by large stone projectiles and metal-tipped darts. High-resolution 3D acquisitions and reverse engineering processes guided the formulation of reconstructive hypotheses concerning projectile trajectories, impact velocities, and energy transfer mechanisms, supporting the determination of dimensional modules on the basis of which ancient treatises describe the proportional design of dart-throwing and stone-throwing machines in siege conditions. Mechanical simulations and comparative analysis provided quantitative validation of the virtual demonstrators prototyped and/or reconstructed using techniques and mate rials compatible with the pre-Christian period. The project further developed interactive digital models, animations, and visualization tools to support knowledge dissemination and public engagement. By combining archaeological data, engineering analysis, and human–computer interaction strategies, this research demonstrates the potential of digital technologies to enhance the study, interpretation, and communication of cultural heritage.